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List of museums in Moscow
The Russian capital has the status of one of the most "museum" cities in the world - it owns about 500 museum collections. Moscow has huge museum buildings that are difficult to get around in a day, and small private museums that take only 2-3 rooms. Which of the Moscow museums are visited by the most tourists?
The main entrance to the State Tretyakov Gallery, in the foreground Monument to P. Tretyakov
Oldest collections in Russia
The first collections grew out of treasuries that were collected by Russian princes and tsars. At first they were privately owned, but then they were combined into the Great Treasury of the rulers of Russia. For a long time, only members of the royal family, guests of honor and persons close to the court could admire the unique rarities. Then some museums began to open to the public. The Armory became available to visitors in 1806.
Today, most of the rare exhibits from the treasuries of the Russian tsars are exhibited in the museums of the Moscow Kremlin. Here you can see the famous Monomakh hat, medieval weapons and armor, old icons and wooden sculptures, manuscript and early printed books, archaeological finds and other valuable exhibits.
View of the facade of the main building of the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin
The oldest art gallery in Russia is the Hermitage, which was founded in St. Petersburg in 1793. The first art museum in Moscow was opened in 1856. Today it is known as the State Tretyakov Gallery. The richest collection of Russian art was created by the patron and collector Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov.
Museum of Fine Arts. A. Pushkin appeared in 1912 and at the opening bore the name of the Russian Emperor Alexander III. Today it houses one of the world's largest collections of paintings, drawings, sculptures and works of decorative and applied art by foreign masters. In the halls of the museum there are about 700 thousand exhibits - from the era of ancient civilizations to the beginning of the XXI century.
In the State Museum of Architecture named after A. V. Shchusev, the exposition "Model of the Grand Kremlin Palace"
Art museums
In addition to the two old art museums, the capital also has several museum collections dedicated to art. In addition, many modern stylish galleries and exhibition halls are open in Moscow.
In the city center, at Vozdvizhenka, 5, the A. Shchusev Museum of Architecture welcomes guests. It was created in the 1930s and tells about the history of the city's layout and the most famous buildings in Moscow. Tourists are in great demand for excursions that are conducted not inside the museum, but right on the streets of the capital.
Fans of new trends in painting and graphics become frequent guests of the Moscow Museum of Modern Art. Its halls contain works by artists of the 20th and 21st centuries. True, tourists are attracted not only by what is collected inside the building on Petrovka 25, but also by the original sculptures by Zurab Tsereteli, standing along the facades of the museum.
The building of the State Museum of the East
Connoisseurs of the art culture of Japan, Korea, China, the countries of Central and Southeast Asia, Transbaikalia and Chukotka enjoy works of art in the State Museum of the East. The old mansion on Nikitsky Boulevard contains 160 thousand exhibits - rare engravings, paintings, fine ceramics, weapons and items of national clothing.
History museums
To better understand yourself and what is happening in the world, you need to know the history of your country. About 100 historical museums have been opened in Moscow and its immediate suburbs. Tourists who want to get acquainted with the life of the nobles of the 18th-19th centuries are happy to visit colorful Moscow estates - Kolomenskoye, Lyublino, Ostankino, Kuskovo, Izmailovo, Tsaritsyno, Vorontsovo, Neskuchnoye and Yasenevo. For those who are interested in the history of the Russian capital, the doors of the Moscow Museum are open.
Tsaritsyno palace and park ensemble
Events that took place in Russia from the Stone Age to the reign of Emperor Paul I are presented in the State Historical Museum. It is located on Red Square and stores so many exhibits that all the halls of the museum can be viewed in just a few days.
The State Central Museum of Contemporary History of Russia is dedicated to the newest period of the country's history. The museum is located in the building of the former English Club, which was built at the end of the 18th century. The museum has had its current name for two decades, but Muscovites continue to call it, as they did half a century ago, the “Museum of the Revolution”.
The residents of the city and tourists are popular with museums that tell about the events of the war between Russia and Napoleon. The Borodino Battle Panorama Museum is loved by both children and adults. The painting depicting the battle of Borodino makes a very strong impression. It was painted by the talented artist Franz Alekseevich Roubaud at the beginning of the last century.
In the Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812
Exhibits for the Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812 were collected for a century and a half, but it was opened quite recently. In this museum you can see old awards, weapons, uniforms and unique chess made in the form of figures of the heroes of the Russian-French war.
Literary museums
The country's largest museum dedicated to the history of literature appeared in the city in 1934. The archives of Russian writers of the 18th-20th centuries are collected in the funds of the State Literary Museum. Its halls display old engravings with views of Moscow, portraits of writers and poets, books with autographs of eminent authors, manuscripts and rare photographs.
The building of the State Museum of A. Pushkin
The State Museum of A. Pushkin and the State Museum of L. N. Tolstoy are very popular among tourists. Excursions to these museums allow you to get acquainted with unknown pages from the life of the classics of Russian literature. The Moscow State Museum of S. Yesenin is especially warm and sincere. It was opened for the 100th anniversary of the poet and is located not far from the Paveletsky railway station, in the house where Yesenin lived for several years.
Natural science collections
Most of the museums that tell about the history of the origin of life on Earth and the biological diversity of the planet were created during the years of Soviet power. Biological Museum named after K. Timiryazev was opened in 1922. Today it occupies the beautiful estate of Pyotr Ivanovich Shchukin, specially built by a philanthropist for rich private collections. The exposition of the museum is built strictly scientifically, therefore, separate rooms dedicated to plants, human origins and other sections of biology have been created in it.
In the building of the State Darwin Museum
The State Darwin Museum is built on a different principle. Its halls tell about the evolution of living beings in an entertaining way. This museum is very popular with parents with children. It welcomes guests with animated dinosaur models, animal and bird voices, interactive exhibits and educational shows.
The Yu. Orlov Paleontological Museum is considered one of the largest natural sciences in the world. It was created at an academic institute so that everyone could get acquainted with the development of the organic world on Earth.
In the Paleontological Museum named after Y. Orlov, the skeleton of a diplodocus
Technological museums
The history of the Moscow Polytechnic Museum began with an exhibition of industrial, military, agricultural achievements, which took place in Moscow in 1872. Today the museum fund has 300 thousand exhibits.Collections of vehicles, mechanisms, telegraphs, telephones, televisions, radios and computers are exhibited here. In our (2018) days, the museum is under reconstruction, and it is planned to open in 2019.
The Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics was created for the 20th anniversary of the first space flight. It presents the personal belongings of astronauts, dummies of rockets, food samples at orbital stations, spacesuits and old photographs. After the reconstruction, the museum opened a modern cinema hall like a starship and a branch of the Mission Control Center, where live broadcasts with astronauts working on the ISS are regularly held.
Lomakovsky Museum of Antique Cars and Motorcycles. ZIS-110, presented to the Patriarch of All Russia Alexy I by Stalin
Car enthusiasts try to visit the Lomakovsky Museum of Vintage Cars and Motorcycles. It was created thanks to the well-known restorers of rare automobiles in the country - Alexander Alekseevich and Dmitry Aleksandrovich Lomakov, and opened in 1987. In the museum you can see cars owned by Joseph Goebbels and Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky. Here you can see the ZIS-110 car, which the Patriarch of All Russia Alexy I received as a gift from Stalin, and many other old cars and motorcycles.
